System and method for retrofitting a refrigeration system from hcfc to hfc refrigerant

ABSTRACT

A system and method for retrofitting a refrigeration system containing an HCFC refrigerant and a compatible lubricant, with an HFC refrigerant, comprising providing a transport container containing a mixture of a miscible lubricant and the HFC refrigerant, removing the HCFC refrigerant from the refrigeration system while maintaining at least a portion of a lubricant immiscible with the HFC refrigerant, and charging the refrigeration system with the mixture. The polyol ester lubricant may be present in a range exceeding about 5-15% by weight, e.g., 8%.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/255,826, filed Sep. 2, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,094,603, issued Oct. 9, 2018, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/877,609, filed Oct. 7, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,435,575, issued Sep. 6, 2016, which is a Continuation of Ser. No. 14/744,776, filed Jun. 19, 2015, now pending, which each claim benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/032,129, filed Aug. 1, 2014 and from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/017,530, filed Jun. 26, 2014, the entirety of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. This application is related to PCT/US15/37689, filed Jun. 25, 2015.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of refrigerants, refrigeration systems, and refrigeration system lubricants.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

R-407C is an HFC refrigerant replacement for R-22, a HCFC refrigerant, in positive displacement systems such as new or existing residential and commercial air-conditioners and heat pumps. R-407C offers similar performance to R-22 and can be used to retrofit existing R-22 air-conditioning and refrigeration systems.

R-407C is a mixture of hydrofluorocarbons used as a refrigerant. It is a zeotropic blend of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). R-32, R-125 and R-134a are present in the proportions 23%/25%/52% by weight (a ±2% tolerance is allowed for each of the components). R-407A is a mixture of 20% R32, 40% R125, and 40% R-134a, and is therefore R-407A is similar in many respects to R407C. Difluoromethane serves to provide the heat capacity, pentafluoroethane decreases flammability, tetrafluoroethane reduces pressure. R-22 is chlorodifluoromethane.

Most compressors require a lubricant to protect internal moving parts. The compressor manufacturer usually recommends the type of lubricant and proper viscosity that should be used to ensure acceptable operation and equipment durability. Recommendations are based on several criteria, which can include: lubricity; lubricant/refrigerant solubility; lubricant/refrigerant miscibility; compatibility with materials of construction; and thermal stability and compatibility with other lubricants. It is important to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for lubricants to be used with their equipment.

Lubricant return to the compressors is very important as well. One factor that affects this is the liquid-phase lubricant/refrigerant miscibility, particularly at evaporator temperatures. Miscibility is the ability of two liquids to mix and form a single liquid phase. Ideally, the lubricant-refrigerant pair have sufficient miscibility or mutual solubility to allow the lubricant to flow with the liquid refrigerant and return to the compressor in a single phase. Even if the lubricant/refrigerant pair are not miscible (two liquid phases form) in the evaporator, they may still have some degree of solubility. Solubility of refrigerant in lubricant lowers lubricant viscosity, which helps it flow through the evaporator and return to the compressor. This is why many refrigeration systems can operate properly, even though the lubricant and refrigerant are immiscible (yet partially soluble) at evaporation temperatures. Other factors, such as refrigerant vapor velocity and system geometry, play key roles in lubricant return. Overall, it is important to note that lubricant/refrigerant miscibility is helpful, but not necessarily essential for proper system operation.

In general, R-22 and mineral oil are miscible over most of the expected ranges of operating conditions for normal air conditioning and high to medium temperature operation. Miscibility is generally believed to aid lubricant return to the compressor. The miscibility of refrigerant and lubricant is determined by several factors: the relative amounts of refrigerant and lubricant present, the temperature, the chemical makeup of the lubricant and of the refrigerant, and the viscosity of the lubricant.

Therefore, it may be desirable in a retrofit of an existing system of this type to use a miscible lubricant, such as polyol ester lubricant, with R-407C refrigerant. In general, R-407C is miscible with polyol ester (POE) lubricant and immiscible with alkylbenzene and mineral oil lubricant.

Residual mineral oil or alkylbenzene left in a refrigeration system after a retrofit to any HFC refrigerant is performed is known to decrease the lubricant/refrigerant miscibility. This is one of the reasons why three oil changes are generally recommended when a system is being converted or retrofit to use HFC refrigerants and POE lubricants. Thus, a traditional recommendation is to replace all mineral oil or alkylbenzene lubricant with POE during a retrofit.

Emerson Climate Technologies (Copeland®) provided in 1995 & 2005 the following recommendations when conducting a changeover: “Copeland's only approved lubricants for use with R-407C are Polyol ester lubricants”; “Mineral oil lubricant, such as 3GS, cannot be used as the compressor lubricant. Copeland recommends the following lubricant choices: Polyol Ester (POE)”; “The mineral oil must be removed from the compressor crankcase. Hermetic compressors will have to be removed from the piping and the lubricant drained out through the suction stub. It is advisable to do an acid test on the lubricant removed”; “Those systems that have oil separators, oil reservoirs, oil floats and suction line accumulators must have the oil drained from them. If the liquid control device is going to be replaced, it is advisable that the suction line, liquid line, and evaporator coil be blown clean using properly regulated dry nitrogen”; “POEs are very hygroscopic. They will very quickly absorb moisture from the air once the container is opened. Once the lubricant is added to the compressor, the compressor should be quickly installed. Like an open container, an open compressor with POE will absorb moisture. Add the correct amount of lubricant, to the compressor. On systems using enhanced surfaces in the heat exchanger, excessive mineral oil can adversely effect the heat transfer due to logging. Therefore, it is desirable to have no more than one percent mineral oil in systems employing these types surfaces.” lvhvac.com/cope_bulletins/95-14.pdf.

Dupont (2004) advises that no more than 5% mineral oil remain in the refrigeration system after a changeover from R-22 to R-407C.

(www2.dupont.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/h70004_Suva407c_retrofit_guide.pdf)

Similarly, Tecumseh advised in 2009 (www.air-innovations.nl/web/pdf/GUIDELINES-FOR-UTILIZATION-OF-R407C.pdf):

-   -   Synthetic Lubricants: Polyol Esters (POEs) And Polyvinyl Ethers         (PVEs)     -   A) Miscibility     -   1. Miscibility is the ability of the lubricant and the         refrigerant to mix. This miscibility is a very important factor         in providing proper heat transfer and in returning lubricant to         the compressor in a refrigeration system over its range of         operating temperatures.     -   2. R407C and Mineral oils (MO) are not miscible     -   3. Polyol Ester (POE) as well as Polyvinyl Ether (PVE) oils and         R407C are miscible.     -   4. R407C and Synthetic Alkylate (SA) oils are partially miscible         . . . .     -   C) Compatibility . . .     -   2. While polyol ester and polyvinyl ether oils are compatible         with mineral oils, they should not be indiscriminately mixed         with mineral oils in R407C refrigerant systems. This practice         could result in the inability of the oil to return to the         compressor and/or reduce heat transfer performance in the         evaporator. However, small amounts up to 5% of mineral oil are         acceptable in field retrofit situations (1% or less is         preferred).

Ennio Campagna et al., “The Use of R-407C: Applications and Guidelines”, makina.beun.edu.tr/eskisite/akademik_kadro/meyriboyun/mak723/The_Use_of_R-407C.pdf, states:

-   -   1) General Considerations for HFC Refrigerants     -   Systems which use R407C normally have compressors charged with a         miscible lubricant such as POE (polyolester). There are many         manufacturers and grades of these lubricants. R-407C is         generally not used with mineral or alkyl-benzene (i.e.         hydrocarbon based) oils as the miscibility is not adequate to         ensure satisfactory oil return to the compressor. It is very         important that, when servicing a system and oil is needed, the         correct oil be used. Seek guidance from the system or compressor         manufacturer on which specific oil to use in a maintenance         situation.     -   b) System contamination with mineral oils, or with R22, can have         a serious effect on performance and system reliability. Systems         which use enhanced tube heat exchangers (evaporators and         condensers) are particularly vulnerable to performance         degradation arising from the presence of HC based oils. It is         strongly recommended that dedicated service gauge sets are used         for R407C to prevent inadvertent contamination.

Similarly, Herronhill provides general guidelines to assist in the replacement of R22 condensing units with equivalent R407C units (2004, www.heronhill.co.uk/technical-information/40/converting-r22-systems-to-r407c), stating “Condensing units built and supplied by IMI Air Conditioning Ltd. (now Marstair Ltd) before 1999, for use with R22 will contain mineral oil. R407C units will contain polyolester oil (POE). Check the compressor label to confirm the type of oil in the system. For safe system operation it is essential to remove the mineral oil from the existing system, as R407C is not compatible with mineral oil. On completion of the change over the concentration of mineral oil remaining in the system should not exceed 5% of the total oil charge.

Sundaresan, S. G.; Pate, M. B.; Doerr, T. M.; and Ray, D. T., “A Comparison of the Effects of POE and Mineral Oil Lubricants on the In-Tube Evaporation of R-22, R-407C and R-410A” (1996). International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 322. docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/322, describe tests on the heat transfer efficiency of R-22, R-407C and R-410A on smooth and finned tubes, when neat, mixed with mineral oil, and when mixed with POE oil. POE-mineral oil mixtures were not tested. The heat transfer efficiency was higher for R-407C mixed with POE than with mineral oil.

Some more recent consideration of the choice or lubricant considers mixtures of lubricants, including mineral oil (MO) and polyol esters (POE). For example, The News, (Peter Powell, Dec. 3, 2012, www.achrnews.com/articles/print/121529-retrofit-round-up-plenty-of-options) states:

-   -   Retrofit Round-up: Plenty of Options     -   Because no one HFC refrigerant can be retrofitted efficiently         into the entire range of R-22 equipment, a wide and sometimes         changing variety of HFCs have entered the market. The NEWS         contacted a number of refrigerant manufacturers asking them to         discuss some of their most popular HFCs for R-22 retrofits, the         range of applications, and servicing tips.     -   While this can provide a guideline, The NEWS urges readers to         contact refrigerant manufacturers directly to discuss the         specific R-22 system being considered for retrofit and what HFC         refrigerants might best work in such applications. This listing         is in alphanumerical order according to ASHRAE designations.     -   R-407A     -   Gus Rolotti, technical marketing director of Arkema's North         American fluorochemicals business, described R-407A as a         refrigerant for low- and medium-temp refrigeration. “Both R-407A         and R-407C are well proven in the industry and provide good         performance coupled with a lower GWP. They require the use of a         POE oil.” Because of that, there needs to be a changeout of the         mineral oil in an existing R-22 system.     -   Noted Rolotti, “First, fix any leaks and identify components         that may need to be replaced or fixed. Recover the R-22         completely, repair/replace any components as identified earlier         and pull the system into a deep vacuum. Remove the required         amount of mineral oil either by flushing with an external agent         or using the R-22 from the system. Once most of the mineral oil         is removed, replace it with POE oil and pull the system into a         deep vacuum again. Refill with the appropriate amount of the         retrofit refrigerant and run the system to set up controls and         operating conditions. It is recommended that the filter drier is         always replaced when the system is opened to ensure that there         is fresh desiccant available to dry the system.”     -   R-407C     -   Arkema's Rolotti considers R-407C a choice for air conditioning.         Retrofit procedures are similar to those with R-407A         refrigerant.     -   In his comments regarding R-407C, Ron Vogl, technical marketing         manager for Honeywell Refrigerants, described it as a choice for         residential and light commercial a/c applications. The retrofit         process for R-407C, he said, involves recovering R-22. Then,         regarding oil, Vogl said, “POE is recommended. If existing MO is         used, the addition of some POE to the system is required for         proper oil return.” The use of the refrigerant requires a         minimum of 20 percent POE for close-coupled a/c systems with no         liquid receivers. No TXV change required, but minor adjustments         may be needed. Replace any O-rings, seals, and other elastomers         used in the system. In most air conditioning and heat pump         systems this only applies to the Schrader valve seal and cap         seal material. The next step is to evacuate and recharge.         (Pounds of 407C=pounds of original refrigerant×70.6 divided by         73.9.) Then adjust system safety and operating controls; label         system indicating refrigerant and charged lubricant.     -   National Refrigerants, states (date unknown,         www.nationalref.com/pdf/R22_Alternatives.pdf):     -   Will the blends work with mineral oil?     -   HFC Refrigerants with Mineral Oil     -   They don't mix so the mineral oil will form a separate layer in         the receiver or other high-side liquid hold up.     -   Mineral Oil will remain thick on the low side and not be         returned back to the compressor.     -   Will the blends work with mineral oil?     -   Hydrocarbons (HC) in Blends     -   HC soaks into mineral oil and thins it so it will circulate         easily around the system.     -   The thinned mineral oil will move easily on the low side.     -   The mineral oil/HC mixture will still not mix with liquid HFC on         the high side of the system. A layer of oil will still form in         the receiver or other liquid hold-up.     -   Partial POE Retrofit     -   Some amount of mineral oil is replaced with POE (does not         require 3 flushes or less than 5% mineral oil).     -   The POE mixes well with the mineral oil, and the resulting         mixture dissolves somewhat into liquid HFC.     -   The oil mixture will be carried by the liquid HFC out of the         receiver.     -   National Refrigerants testing has shown that as little as 10%         POE in mineral oil will circulate as much as an older compressor         will pump out into a system.     -   These tests have also shown that there is very little difference         in oil solubility with all of the blends on the market,         regardless of the hydrocarbon content in the blend. Partial POE         works with all of the blends, but hydrocarbons do not appear to         help with liquid solubility of mineral oil with HFCs.

Therefore, there has been some evolution as to whether mineral oil can remain in the refrigeration system after a retrofit, with the permissible proportion of mineral oil increasing. In particular, National Refrigerants proposes a partial POE retrofit, with greater than 5% mineral oil remaining. However, the existing recommendations appear to require empirical testing for cases other than less than 5% mineral oil remaining.

See, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,834,748; 2,846,458; 2,889,379; 2,917,480; 2,931,840; 2,970,988; 3,085,918; 3,384,828; 3,723,318; 3,884,828; 4,138,855; 4,198,313; 4,272,960; 4,465,786; 4,482,465; 4,788,352; 4,798,818; 4,810,403; 4,941,986; 4,944,890; 5,026,497; 5,053,155; 5,080,823; 5,108,637; 5,182,040; 5,227,245; 5,304,320; 5,318,716; 5,360,566; 5,370,812; 5,387,357; 5,417,871; 5,425,890; 5,458,798; 5,616,275; 5,622,644; 5,624,596; 5,626,790; 5,648,017; 5,672,293; 5,685,163; 5,714,083; 5,785,883; 5,788,886; 5,811,603; 5,968,406; 6,025,532; 6,106,740; 6,111,150; 6,117,356; 6,235,951; 6,258,292; 6,316,681; 6,374,629; 6,426,019; 6,516,837; 6,526,764; 6,589,355; 6,604,368; 6,606,868; 6,629,419; 6,673,976; 6,783,691; 6,858,571; 6,991,743; 7,238,299; 7,279,451; 7,341,984; 7,442,321; 7,465,698; 7,524,805; 7,629,306; 7,767,638; 7,825,081; 7,829,748; 7,833,433; 7,846,355; 7,862,742; 7,972,528; 8,008,244; 8,053,404; 8,101,672; 8,148,317; 8,444,874; 8,465,664; 8,551,354; 8,557,136; U.S. Published Patent Application Nos. 20020046568; 20030042463; 20040089839; 20040119047; 20040127383; 20040256594; 20050233923; 20050233931; 20050233932; 20050245421; 20050247905; 20060019857; 20060025322; 20060043331; 20060058560; 20060243944; 20060243945; 20070007488; 20070010592; 20070069175; 20070108403; 20070210275; 20070210276; 20070290163; 20070290177; 20080069177; 20080075673; 20080099190; 20080121837; 20080171652; 20080230738; 20080308763; 20080314073; 20090041677; 20090053695; 20090120619; 20090158771; 20090224199; 20090242828; 20090253820; 20090278076; 20090285764; 20090302285; 20090305876; 20100025619; 20100044619; 20100048961; 20100075046; 20100122545; 20100127209; 20100200798; 20110162410; 20110226983; 20110289748; 20120138846; 20120187331; 20120312048; 20130075063; 20130119299; 20130126776; 20130126777; 20130126778; CN101864276; CN95117074; DE4116274; EP0398147; EP0430169; EP0509673; EP0539952; EP0565265; EP0582451; EP0608164; EP0659862; EP0720639; EP0779352; EP0974571; EP1167894; EP1193305; EP1716216; EP1832640; EP1985680; EP2036943; EP2149592; EP2246649; EP2249104; GB2007000746; GB2435747; GB2440258; JP4110388; RU2073058; WO1998050331; WO2004037752; WO2004037913; WO2005042663; WO2005083028; WO2005103190; WO2005103191; WO2005103192; WO2005105947; WO2005108522; WO2005108523; WO2006094303; WO2007002625; WO2007035697; WO2007053697; WO2007099350; WO2007109748; WO2008027555; WO2008065011; WO2008076272; WO2008121776; WO2008121783; WO2008121785; WO2009047535; WO2009114397; WO2009134957; WO2009151669; WO2010000993; WO2010000994; WO2010002020; WO2010002023; WO2010056695; WO2010059677; WO2010065005; WO2010075046; WO2010088320; WO2010119265; WO2011019350; each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a premixed HFC refrigerant and compatible POE lubricant, e.g., in a transport container. The amount of lubricant is selected to an amount between about 5% to 20% by weight of the refrigerant. Preferably, the amount is 8% by weight.

The amount of POE should be at least 10% of the total lubricant amount, with about 20% POE by weight of refrigerant representing the amount of POE in the absence of mineral oil.

The mixture is preferably provided in a transport container, typically DOT approved, such as a DOT-39 container.

The refrigerant-lubricant mixture is charged into the refrigeration system after recovery of the R-22 from the system, without special efforts to remove the mineral oil lubricant. Assuming that the residual mineral oil is 8-24% of the charge, and the mixed refrigerant includes 8% POE, the resulting mixture is about 25-50% of the total lubricant, and the resulting mixed lubricant is 16-32% of refrigerant charge. Therefore, the present technology provides a compromise amount of lubricant that is sufficient to provide a charge to a range of refrigeration systems to be retrofitted, without having to remove mineral oil already in the system, measure the amount of oil removed or infer the total amount, measure an amount of POE to be added to the system based on the actual amount of R-407C added to the system, or measuring mineral oil/POE ratios.

Therefore, the present technologies vastly simplify the process for retrofitting, while achieving good results. Indeed, preliminary tests show that the efficiency of an R-22 air conditioning system is improved after the retrofitting, a surprising result given that the system itself is optimized for R-22 and mineral oil.

The container may be, for example, a 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 96, 123 pound or larger container. The amount of lubricant may be, for example, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, 4, 8, or 10 pounds (8% lubricant). Bulk quantities may also be provided.

The amount of POE may be varied, for example, and may be about 5%, 6%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 12%, 12.5%, 15%, or the like. The precision of measurement may be, for example. ±0.1%, ±0.2%, ±0.25%, ±0.3%, ±0.5%, ±0.75%, ±1%, or ±2%. Preferably, the precision is within ±0.5%.

The container may be a DOT 3, 3A, 3AA, 3AL, 3B, 3BN, 3E, 4B, 4BA, 4B240ET, 4BW, 4E, 39, steel drum, for example: DOT-3AL1800; DOT 4D; DOT-3; DOT-39; DOT-3A; DOT-3A1000; DOT-3A1200; DOT-3A150; DOT-3A1800; DOT-3A2000; DOT-3A225; DOT-3A240; DOT-3A2400; DOT-3A300; DOT-3A400; DOT-3A480; DOT-3A480X; DOT-3AA; DOT-3AA1000; DOT-3AA1200; DOT-3AA150; DOT-3AA1800; DOT-3AA2000; DOT-3AA225; DOT-3AA240; DOT-3AA2400; DOT-3AA300; DOT-3AA400; DOT-3AA480; DOT-3AAX1800; DOT-3AAX2000; DOT-3AAX2200; DOT-3AAX2400; DOT-3AL; DOT-3AL1000; DOT-3AL150; DOT-3AL1800; DOT-3AL2000; DOT-3AL225; DOT-3AL240; DOT-3AL2400; DOT-3AL400; DOT-3AL480; DOT-3AX1800; DOT-3AX2000; DOT-3AX2200; DOT-3AX2400; DOT-3B; DOT-3B150; DOT-3B1800; DOT-3B225; DOT-3B240; DOT-3B300; DOT-3B400; DOT-3BN400; DOT-3BN480; DOT-3E1800; DOT-3HT; DOT-3HT2000; DOT-3T1800; DOT-3T2000; DOT-3T2200; DOT-3T2400; DOT-4A; DOT-4AA480; DOT-4B; DOT-4B150; DOT-4B150; DOT-4B225; DOT-4B240; DOT-4B240ET; DOT-4B300; DOT-4B400; DOT-4B480; DOT-4BA; DOT-4BA225; DOT-4BA240; DOT-4BA300; DOT-4BA400; DOT-4BW; DOT-4BW225; DOT-4BW240; DOT-4BW300; DOT-4BW400; DOT-4BW480; DOT-4DA; DOT-4DS; DOT-4E225; DOT-4E240; DOT-4L; DOT-AAX2400; and ICC-3E1800.

The preferred embodiment encompasses R-407C. However, the method is more generally directed to a retrofitting of systems employing a range of refrigerants that generally require mineral oil, alkane or alkylbenzene lubricants (CFC, PCC, HCC, HCFC, CFO, HCFO), with refrigerants that generally require polymeric or oxygenated lubricants, e.g., POE, PVE (HFC, PFO) (CFC=Chlorofluorocarbon, CFO=Chlorofluoroolefin, HCFC=Hydrochlorofluorocarbon, HCFO=Hydrochlorofluoroolefin, HFC=Hydrofluorocarbon, HFO=Hydrofluoroolefin, PCC=Perchlorocarbon). See Table 1, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_refrigerants.

It is therefore an object to provide a transportable container for charging a refrigerant system, having a charging port, containing a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and a compatible HFC refrigerant in a predetermined proportion. The proportion may be at least 2%, 3%, or 5% by weight and less than 25%, 20%, or 15% by weight, and preferably 8% by weight.

It is another object to provide a composition for retrofitting an R-22 refrigeration system, comprising POE and R-407C. The POE may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially R-407C.

It is a further object to provide a method for retrofitting a refrigeration system from R-22 refrigerant to R-407C refrigerant, comprising evacuating the R-22 refrigerant from the refrigeration system while maintaining at least 25% of the lubricant, wherein the lubricant is not POE, and adding a premixture of POE mixed in R-407C to charge the refrigeration system. The POE may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially R-407C.

It is a still further object to provide a retrofit kit for an R-22 refrigeration system, comprising a DOT-approved transport container for R-407C containing a mixture of R-407C and POE, and at least one replacement seal compatible with R-407C. The POE may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially R-407C.

It is a still further object to provide a method for retrofitting a hermetically sealed refrigeration system from an HCFC refrigerant compatible with a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant to a HFC refrigerant compatible with polyol ester lubricant, comprising: providing a transport container containing the HFC refrigerant mixed with polyol ester lubricant; withdrawing the HCFC from within the refrigeration system through a charge-discharge port, leaving at least a portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant; and charging the refrigeration system from the transport container with the HFC mixed with the polyol ester lubricant. The polyol ester lubricant may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight, with the balance substantially HFC.

Another object is to provide a method for retrofitting a system from an HCFC refrigerant compatible with a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant to an HFC refrigerant compatible with a polyol ester lubricant, comprising: evacuating the HCFC from the system, leaving at least a portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant; and charging the refrigeration system with an HFC refrigerant mixed with a polyol ester lubricant in a predetermined ratio of 5-15% by weight.

A kit is provided for retrofitting an HCFC refrigeration system having residual mineral oil lubricant, comprising: a transport container, containing an HFC refrigerant mixed polyol ester lubricant. A kit is also provided for retrofitting an R-22 refrigeration system having residual mineral oil lubricant, comprising: a U.S. Department of Transportation certified transport container; and R-407C mixed with polyol ester lubricant. The polyol ester lubricant may be present at between 2-25%, 3-20%, 5-15%, or preferably 8% by weight. The mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant may be a mineral oil lubricant.

The HCFC to be replaced may comprise R-22, R-401A, R-409A, R-401B, R-409B, R-402A, R-402B, R-403B, R-408A, R-502, and/or mixtures of HCFCs, for example as provided in Table 1.

The HFC may comprise R-134a, R-404A, R-407A, R-407C, R-407F, R-410A, R-417A, R-417B, R-422A, R-422B, R-422C, R-422D, R-424A, R-427A, R-428A, R-434A, R-438A, R-442A, and R-507A, or for example, other blends of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). Other HFCs or HFC blends, or HFC/HC blends, for example as provided in Table 1, may also be employed. The HFC may be a zeotropic blend.

The refrigeration system after recharging may have a concentration of about 15-32% mixed lubricant, or a concentration of about 20-25% mixed lubricant, or a concentration of about 15-25% mixed lubricant, by weight.

The transport container may be U.S. Department of Transportation compliant, e.g., DOT-39.

The metrics recited herein are intended to be interpreted according to common understanding and usage among those skilled in the art of refrigerant manufacture, distribution, and refrigeration system maintenance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the refrigeration system, after an HCFC refrigerant is removed, and while an HFC refrigerant and POE lubricant is being charged.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method according to the present invention. A refrigerant retrofit kit is provided, having within a transportable container, a mixture of a refrigerant and a compatible POE lubricant. The refrigerant is typically an HFC refrigerant. The HCFC refrigerant is evacuated from a refrigeration system to be retrofit, and a portion of the existing lubricant, which is a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant, is removed through the charge port of the refrigeration system, without disassembly of the system. A portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant remains in the refrigeration system. The refrigeration system is then charged with the mixture of the refrigerant and the compatible POE lubricant through the charge port.

As shown in the schematic representation in FIG. 2, the refrigeration system includes a compressor, condenser and evaporator, as well as a charge port. A reservoir pools liquid refrigerant, as well as lubricants found within the system. After the HCFC refrigerant is removed from the system, a portion of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant remains in the system. During charging, the new refrigerant, typically an HFC, with a compatible POE lubricant, is drawn into the refrigeration system through the charge port, resulting in a mixed lubricant containing mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant and POE.

Example 1

A test was conducted of a residential air conditioning unit to determine the results of retrofitting an R-22 system with R-407C. In the test, the R-22 system, which was design and manufactured optimally for R-22, and used a mineral oil lubricant, was retrofitted with R-407C.

Instead of removing all of the mineral oil in the system, and replacing it with a defined amount of POE oil, which is required for R-407C, the R-22 was removed, and the residual mineral oil allowed to remain.

The evacuated system was recharged with a premixed quantity of R-407C with 8% by weight POE oil. Since R-407C is charged in the liquid phase, all of the oil, and most of the R-407C was transferred to the system from a transport container, e.g., DOT-39. The final POE concentration is estimated at 10-15% of the total oil in the system.

Prior to retrofitting, system was run for 13 hours over two days with the R-22 to collect the baseline data. The R-22 was then evacuated, and charged with R-407C to about 85% of the R-22 charge. The retrofitted refrigeration system with R-407C was then run for 91 hours.

The operating temperatures for R-22 (>86F and <86F) and R-407C (<86F) were not the same, so performance measurements are not directly comparable, but the results support a conclusion that the R-407C does not degrade system efficiency performance.

Therefore, despite the various unknowns, including the amount of mineral oil remaining in the system, migration characteristics of the mixed lubricants around the system, the impact of the various lubricant phases on compressor lubrication, the operation of the system with R-407C was improved over the R-22 implementation.

Comparative Example 1

See: www.honeywell-refrigerants.com/india/?document=guide-to-retrofitting-ac-systems-from-r-22-to-r-422d-or-r-407c&download=1;

www.honeywell.com/sites/servlet/com.merx.npoint.servlets.DocumentServlet?docid=DB0284B 88-942E-BOAS-4028-CAFB85BB40AB, which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Comparative Example 2

See:

www2.dupont.com/Refrigerants/en_US/assets/downloads/h70004_Suva407C_retrofit_guide.pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Comparative Example 3

See: opi.emersonclimate.com/CP1D/GRAPHICS/Types/AEB/95-14.pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Comparative Example 4

See: www.refrigerants.com/pdf/Nat-R407Broch.pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Comparative Example 5

See: neilorme.com/Tecumseh%20Guidelines%20R407c.shtml, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Comparative Example 6

See: www.bristolcompressors.com/files/1313/5464/2815/application_bulletin_124.pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Comparative Example 7

See: americas.forane.com/export/sites/forane-americas/.content/medias/downloads/literature/forane-technical-digest.pdf, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Although the present system and/or approach has been described with respect to at least one illustrative example, many variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification. It is therefore the intention that the appended claims be interpreted as broadly as possible in view of the related art to include all such variations and modifications.

TABLE 1 CAS registry ASHRAE number/Blend Type Number IUPAC Chemical Name Molecular Formula Name PCC R-10 Carbon tetrachloride CCl₄ 56-23-5 (Tetrachloromethane) CFC R-11 Trichlorofluoromethane CCl₃F 75-69-4 CFC R-12 Dichlorodifluoromethane CCl₂F₂ 75-71-8 H R-12B1 Bromochlorodifluoromethane CBrClF₂ or CF₂ClBr 353-59-3 H R-12B2 Dibromodifluoromethane CBr₂F₂ 75-61-6 CFC R-13 Chlorotrifluoromethane CClF₃ 75-72-9 H R-13B1 Bromotrifluoromethane CF₃Br 75-63-8 PFC R-14 Tetrafluoromethane CF₄ 75-73-0 HCC R-20 Chloroform (Trichloromethane) CHCl₃ 67-66-3 HCFC R-21 Dichlorofluoromethane CHFCl₂ 75-43-4 HCFC R-22 Chlorodifluoromethane CHClF₂ 75-45-6 H R-22B1 Bromodifluoromethane CHBrF₂ or CHF₂Br 1511-62-2 HFC R-23 Trifluoromethane (Fluoroform) CHF₃ 75-46-7 HCC R-30 Dichloromethane (Methylene CH₂Cl₂ 75-09-2 chloride) HCFC R-31 Chlorofluoromethane CH₂FCl 593-70-4 HFC R-32 Difluoromethane CH₂F₂ 75-10-5 HCC R-40 Chloromethane CH₃Cl 74-87-3 HFC R-41 Fluoromethane CH₃F 593-53-3 HC R-50 Methane CH₄ 74-82-8 PCC R-110 Hexachloroethane C₂Cl₆ 67-72-1 CFC R-111 Pentachlorofluoroethane C₂FCl₅ 354-56-3 CFC R-112 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2- C₂F₂Cl₄ 76-12-0 difluoroethane CFC R-112a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2- C₂F₂Cl₄ 76-11-9 difluoroethane CFC R-113 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane C₂F₃Cl₃ 76-13-1 CFC R-113a 1,1,1-Trichlorotrifluoroethane C₂F₃Cl₃ 354-58-5 CFC R-114 1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane C₂F₄Cl₂ 76-14-2 CFC R-114a 1,1-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane C₂F₄Cl₂ 374-07-2 H R-114B2 1,2-Dibromotetrafluoroethane C₂F₄Br₂ 124-73-2 CFC R-115 Chloropentafluoroethane C₂F₅Cl 76-15-3 PFC R-116 Hexafluoroethane C₂F₆ 76-16-4 HCC R-120 Pentachloroethane C₂HCl₅ 76-01-7 HCFC R-121 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1-fluoroethane C₂HFCl₄ 354-14-3 HCFC R-121a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2-fluoroethane C₂HFCl₄ 354-11-0 HCFC R-122 1,1,2-Trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C₂HF₂Cl₃ 354-21-2 HCFC R-122a 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2-difluoroethane C₂HF₂Cl₃ 354-15-4 HCFC R-122b 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C₂HF₂Cl₃ 354-12-1 HCFC R-123 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane C₂HF₃Cl₂ 306-83-2 HCFC R-123a 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane C₂HF₃Cl₂ 354-23-4 HCFC R-123b 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane C₂HF₃Cl₂ 812-04-4 HCFC R-124 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane C₂HF₄Cl 2837-89-0 HCFC R-124a 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane C₂HF₄Cl 354-25-6 HFC R-125 Pentafluoroethane C₂HF₅ 354-33-6 HFC R-E125 Pentafluorodimethyl ether C₂HF₅O 3822-68-2 HCC R-130 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane C₂H₂Cl₄ 79-34-5 HCC R-130a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane C₂H₂Cl₄ 630-20-6 HCFC R-131 1,1,2-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane C₂H₂FCl₃ 359-28-4 HCFC R-131a 1,1,2-Trichloro-1-fluoroethane C₂H₂FCl₃ 811-95-0 HCFC R-131b 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane C₂H₂FCl₃ 2366-36-1 HCFC R-132 Dichlorodifluoroethane C₂H₂F₂Cl₂ 25915-78-0 HCFC R-132a 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C₂H₂F₂Cl₂ 471-43-2 HCFC R-132b 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane C₂H₂F₂Cl₂ 1649-08-7 HCFC R-132c 1,1-Dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane C₂H₂F₂Cl₂ 1842-05-3 H R-132bB2 1,2-Dibromo-1,1-difluoroethane C₂H₂Br₂F₂ 75-82-1 HCFC R-133 1-Chloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane C₂H₂F₃Cl 431-07-2 HCFC R-133a 1-Chloro-2,2,2-Trifluoroethane C₂H₂F₃Cl 75-88-7 HCFC R-133b 1-Chloro-1,1,2-Trifluoroethane C₂H₂F₃Cl 421-04-5 HFC R-134 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane C₂H₂F₄ 359-35-3 HFC R-134a 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane C₂H₂F₄ 811-97-2 HFC R-E134 Bis(difluoromethyl)ether C₂H₂F₄O 1691-17-4 HCC R-140 1,1,2-Trichloroethane C₂H₃Cl₃ 79-00-5 HCC R-140a 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Methyl C₂H₃Cl₃ or CH₃CCl₃ 71-55-6 chloroform) HCFC R-141 1,2-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane C₂H₃FCl₂ 430-57-9 H R-141B2 1,2-Dibromo-1-fluoroethane C₂H₃Br₂F 358-97-4 HCFC R-141a 1,1-Dichloro-2-fluoroethane C₂H₃FCl₂ 430-53-5 HCFC R-141b 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane C₂H₃FCl₂ 1717-00-6 HCFC R-142 Chlorodifluoroethane C₂H₃F₂Cl 25497-29-4 HCFC R-142a 1-Chloro-1,2-difluoroethane C₂H₃F₂Cl 25497-29-4 HCFC R-142b 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane C₂H₃F₂Cl 75-68-3 HFC R-143 1,1,2-Trifluoroethane C₂H₃F₃ 430-66-0 HFC R-143a 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane C₂H₃F₃ 420-46-2 HFC R-143m Methyl trifluoromethyl ether C₂H₃F₃O 421-14-7 HFC R-E143a 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl methyl ether C₃H₅F₃O 460-43-5 HCC R-150 1,2-Dichloroethane C₂H₄Cl₂ 107-06-2 HCC R-150a 1,1-Dichloroethane C₂H₄Cl₂ 75-34-3 HCFC R-151 Chlorofluoroethane C₂H₄ClF 110587-14-9 HCFC R-151a 1-Chloro-1-fluoroethane C₂H₄ClF 1615-75-4 HFC R-152 1,2-Difluoroethane C₂H₄F₂ 624-72-6 HFC R-152a 1,1-Difluoroethane C₂H₄F₂ 75-37-6 HCC R-160 Chloroethane (ethyl chloride) C₂H₅Cl 75-00-3 HFC R-161 Fluoroethane C₂H₅F 353-36-6 HC R-170 Ethane C₂H₆ or CH₃CH₃ 74-84-0 HC R-E170 Dimethyl ether CH₃OCH₃ 115-10-6 CFC R-211 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptachloro-3- C₃FCl₇ 422-78-6 fluoropropane CFC R-212 Hexachlorodifluoropropane C₃F₂Cl₆ 76546-99-3 CFC R-213 1,1,1,3,3-Pentachloro-2,2,3- C₃F₃Cl₅ 2354-06-5 trifluoropropane CFC R-214 1,2,2,3-Tetrachloro-1,1,3,3- C₃F₄Cl₄ 2268-46-4 tetrafluoropropane CFC R-215 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3,3,3- C₃F₅Cl₃ 4259-43-2 pentafluoropropane CFC R-216 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3,3- C₃F₆Cl₂ 661-97-2 hexafluoropropane CFC R-216ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2,3,3- C₃F₆Cl₂ 662-01-1 hexafluoropropane CFC R-217 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3,3- C₃F₇Cl 422-86-6 heptafluoropropane CFC R-217ba 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3,3- C₃F₇Cl 76-18-6 heptafluoropropane PFC R-218 Octafluoropropane C₃F₈ 76-19-7 HCFC R-221 1,1,1,2,2,3-Hexachloro-3- C₃HFCl₆ 422-26-4 fluoropropane HCFC R-222 Pentachlorodifluoropropane C₃HF₂Cl₅ 134237-36-8 HCFC R-222c 1,1,1,3,3-Pentachloro-2,2- C₃HF₂Cl₅ 422-49-1 difluoropropane HCFC R-223 Tetrachlorotrifluoropropane C₃HF₃Cl₄ 134237-37-9 HCFC R-223ca 1,1,3,3-Tetrachloro-1,2,2- C₃HF₃Cl₄ 422-52-6 trifluoropropane HCFC R-223cb 1,1,1,3-Tetrachloro-2,2,3- C₃HF₃Cl₄ 422-50-4 trifluoropropane HCFC R-224 Trichlorotetrafluoropropane C₃HF₄Cl₃ 134237-38-0 HCFC R-224ca 1,3,3-Trichloro-1,1,2,2- C₃HF₄Cl₃ 422-54-8 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-224cb 1,1,3-Trichloro-1,2,2,3- C₃HF₄Cl₃ 422-53-7 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-224cc 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3,3- C₃HF₄Cl₃ 422-51-5 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-225 Dichloropentafluoropropane C₃HF₅Cl₂ 127564-92-5 HCFC R-225aa 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1,3,3- C₃HF₅Cl₂ 128903-21-9 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225ba 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2,3- C₃HF₅Cl₂ 422-48-0 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225bb 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3- C₃HF₅Cl₂ 422-44-6 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225ca 3,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2,2- C₃HF₅Cl₂ 422-56-0 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225cb 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2,3- C₃HF₅Cl₂ 507-55-1 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225cc 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,3,3- C₃HF₅Cl₂ 13474-88-9 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225da 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,3,3,3- C₃HF₅Cl₂ 431-86-7 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225ea 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3- C₃HF₅Cl₂ 136013-79-1 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-225eb 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,3,3,3- C₃HF₅Cl₂ 111512-56-2 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-226 Chlorohexafluoropropane C₃HF₆Cl 134308-72-8 HCFC R-226ba 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3- C₃HF₆Cl 51346-64-6 hexafluoropropane HCFC R-226ca 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2,2,3- C₃HF₆Cl 422-57-1 hexafluoropropane HCFC R-226cb 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3- C₃HF₆Cl 422-55-9 hexafluoropropane HCFC R-226da 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3,3,3- C₃HF₆Cl 431-87-8 hexafluoropropane HCFC R-226ea 1-Chloro-1,1,2,3,3,3- C₃HF₆Cl 359-58-0 hexafluoropropane HFC R-227ca 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane C₃HF₇ 2252-84-8 HFC R-227ca2 Trifluoromethyl 1,1,2,2- C₃HF₇O 2356-61-8 tetrafluoroethyl ether HFC R-227ea 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane C₃HF₇ 431-89-0 HFC R-227me Trifluoromethyl 1,2,2,2- C₃HF₇O 2356-62-9 tetrafluoroethyl ether HCFC R-231 Pentachlorofluoropropane C₃H₂FCl₅ 134190-48-0 HCFC R-232 Tetrachlorodifluoropropane C₃H₂F₂Cl₄ 134237-39-1 HCFC R-232ca 1,1,3,3-Tetrachloro-2,2- C₃H₂F₂Cl₄ 1112-14-7 difluoropropane HCFC R-232cb 1,1,1,3-Tetrachloro-2,2- C₃H₂F₂Cl₄ 677-54-3 difluoropropane HCFC R-233 Trichlorotrifluoropropane C₃H₂F₃Cl₃ 134237-40-4 HCFC R-233ca 1,1,3-Trichloro-2,2,3- C₃H₂F₃Cl₃ 131221-36-8 trifluoropropane HCFC R-233cb 1,1,3-Trichloro-1,2,2- C₃H₂F₃Cl₃ 421-99-8 trifluoropropane HCFC R-233cc 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3- C₃H₂F₃Cl₃ 131211-71-7 trifluoropropane HCFC R-234 Dichlorotetrafluoropropane C₃H₂F₄Cl₂ 127564-83-4 HCFC R-234aa 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,3,3- C₃H₂F₄Cl₂ 17705-30-5 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234ab 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1,3- C₃H₂F₄Cl₂ 149329-24-8 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234ba 1,2-Dichloro-1,2,3,3- C₃H₂F₄Cl₂ 425-94-5 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234bb 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2- C₃H₂F₄Cl₂ 149329-25-9 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234bc 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3- C₃H₂F₄Cl₂ 149329-26-0 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,2,3- C₃H₂F₄Cl₂ 70341-81-0 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,3,3- C₃H₂F₄Cl₂ 4071-01-6 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234cc 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2- C₃H₂F₄Cl₂ 422-00-5 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234cd 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,3- C₃H₂F₄Cl₂ 70192-63-1 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234da 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,3- C₃H₂F₄Cl₂ 146916-90-7 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234fa 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,3,3- C₃H₂F₄Cl₂ 76140-39-1 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-234fb 1,1-Dichloro-1,3,3,3- C₃H₂F₄Cl₂ 64712-27-2 tetrafluoropropane HCFC R-235 Chloropentafluoropropane C₃H₂F₅Cl 134237-41-5 HCFC R-235ca 1-Chloro-1,2,2,3,3- C₃H₂F₅Cl 28103-66-4 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-235cb 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3- C₃H₂F₅Cl 422-02-6 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-235cc 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3- C₃H₂F₅Cl 679-99-2 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-235da 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3,3- C₃H₂F₅Cl 134251-06-2 pentafluoropropane HCFC R-235fa 1-Chloro-1,1,3,3,3- C₃H₂F₅Cl 677-55-4 pentafluoropropane HFC R-236cb 1,1,1,2,2,3-Hexafluoropropane C₃H₂F₆ 677-56-5 HFC R-236ea 1,1,1,2,3,3-Hexafluoropropane C₃H₂F₆ 431-63-0 HFC R-236fa 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane C₃H₂F₆ 690-39-1 HFC R-236me 1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl C₃H₂F₆O 57041-67-5 difluoromethyl ether HFC R-FE-36 Hexafluoropropane C₃H₂F₆ 359-58-0 HCFC R-241 Tetrachlorofluoropropane C₃H₃FCl₄ 134190-49-1 HCFC R-242 Trichlorodifluoropropane C₃H₃F₂Cl₃ 134237-42-6 HCFC R-243 Dichlorotrifluoropropane C₃H₃F₃Cl₂ 134237-43-7 HCFC R-243ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C₃H₃F₃Cl₂ 67406-68-2 HCFC R-243cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C₃H₃F₃Cl₂ 70192-70-0 HCFC R-243cc 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C₃H₃F₃Cl₂ 7125-99-7 HCFC R-243da 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane C₃H₃F₃Cl₂ 338-75-0 HCFC R-243ea 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,3-trifluoropropane C₃H₃F₃Cl₂ 151771-08-3 HCFC R-243ec 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C₃H₃F₃Cl₂ 149329-27-1 HCFC R-244 Chlorotetrafluoropropane C₃H₃F₄Cl 134190-50-4 HCFC R-244ba 2-Chloro-1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C₃H₃F₄Cl HCFC R-244bb 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane C₃H₃F₄Cl 421-73-8 HCFC R-244ca 3-Chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane C₃H₃F₄Cl 679-85-6 HCFC R-244cb 1-Chloro-1,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C₃H₃F₄Cl 67406-66-0 HCFC R-244cc 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane C₃H₃F₄Cl 421-75-0 HCFC R-244da 2-Chloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C₃H₃F₄Cl 19041-02-2 HCFC R-244db 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane C₃H₃F₄Cl 117970-90-8 HCFC R-244ea 3-Chloro-1,1,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C₃H₃F₄Cl HCFC R-244eb 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane C₃H₃F₄Cl HCFC R-244ec 1-Chloro-1,1,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C₃H₃F₄Cl HCFC R-244fa 3-Chloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane C₃H₃F₄Cl HCFC R-244fb 1-Chloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C₃H₃F₄Cl 2730-64-5 HFC R-245ca 1,1,2,2,3-Pentafluoropropane C₃H₃F₅ 679-86-7 HFC R-245cb Pentafluoropropane C₃H₃F₅ 1814-88-6 HFC R-245ea 1,1,2,3,3-Pentafluoropropane C₃H₃F₅ 24270-66-4 HFC R-245eb 1,1,1,2,3-Pentafluoropropane C₃H₃F₅ 431-31-2 HFC R-245fa 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane C₃H₃F₅ 460-73-1 HFC R-245mc Methyl pentafluoroethyl ether C₃H₃F₅O 22410-44-2 HFC R-245mf Difluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl C₃H₃F₅O 1885-48-9 ether HFC R-245qc Difluoromethyl 1,1,2-trifluoroethyl C₃H₃F₅O 69948-24-9 ether HCFC R-251 Trichlorofluoropropane C₃H₄FCl₃ 134190-51-5 HCFC R-252 Dichlorodifluoropropane C₃H₄F₂Cl₂ 134190-52-6 HCFC R-252ca 1,3-Dichloro-2,2-difluoropropane C₃H₄F₂Cl₂ 1112-36-3 HCFC R-252cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoropropane C₃H₄F₂Cl₂ 1112-01-2 HCFC R-252dc 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoropropane C₃H₄F₂Cl₂ HCFC R-252ec 1,1-Dichloro-1,2-difluoropropane C₃H₄F₂Cl₂ HCFC R-253 Chlorotrifluoropropane C₃H₄F₃Cl 134237-44-8 HCFC R-253ba 2-Chloro-1,2,3-trifluoropropane C₃H₄F₃Cl HCFC R-253bb 2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C₃H₄F₃Cl HCFC R-253ca 1-Chloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C₃H₄F₃Cl 56758-54-4 HCFC R-253cb 1-Chloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C₃H₄F₃Cl 70192-76-6 HCFC R-253ea 3-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C₃H₄F₃Cl HCFC R-253eb 1-Chloro-1,2,3-trifluoropropane C₃H₄F₃Cl HCFC R-253ec 1-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C₃H₄F₃Cl HCFC R-253fa 3-Chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropane C₃H₄F₃Cl HCFC R-253fb 3-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane C₃H₄F₃Cl 460-35-5 HCFC R-253fc 1-Chloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropane C₃H₄F₃Cl HFC R-254cb 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoropropane C₃H₄F₄ 40723-63-5 HFC R-254pc Methyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl C₃H₄F₄O 425-88-7 ether HCFC R-261 Dichlorofluoropropane C₃H₅FCl₂ 134237-45-9 HCFC R-261ba 1,2-Dichloro-2-fluoropropane C₃H₅FCl₂ 420-97-3 HCFC R-262 Chlorodifluoropropane C₃H₅F₂Cl 134190-53-7 HCFC R-262ca 1-Chloro-2,2-difluoropropane C₃H₅F₂Cl 420-99-5 HCFC R-262fa 3-Chloro-1,1-difluoropropane C₃H₅F₂Cl HCFC R-262fb 1-Chloro-1,3-difluoropropane C₃H₅F₂Cl HFC R-263 Trifluoropropane C₃H₅F₃ HCFC R-271 Chlorofluoropropane C₃H₆FCl 134190-54-8 HCFC R-271b 2-Chloro-2-fluoropropane C₃H₆FCl 420-44-0 HCFC R-271d 2-Chloro-1-fluoropropane C₃H₆FCl HCFC R-271fb 1-Chloro-1-fluoropropane C₃H₆FCl HFC R-272 Difluoropropane C₃H₆F₂ HFC R-281 Fluoropropane C₃H₇F HC R-290 Propane C₃H₈ or CH₃CH₂CH₃ 74-98-6 CFC R-C316 Dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane C₄Cl₂F₆ 356-18-3 CFC R-C317 Chloroheptafluorocyclobutane C₄ClF₇ 377-41-3 PFC R-C318 Octafluorocyclobutane C₄F₈ or —(CF₂)₄— 115-25-3 (Perfluorocyclobutane) PFC R-3-1-10 Decafluorobutane (Perfluorobutane) C₄F₁₀ 355-25-9 HFC R-329ccb 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-Nonafluorobutane C₄HF₉ 375-17-7 HFC R-338eea 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,4-Octafluorobutane C₄H₂F₈ 75995-72-1 HFC R-347ccd 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluorobutane C₄H₃F₇ 662-00-0 HFC R-347mcc Perfluoropropyl methyl ether C₄H₃F₇O 375-03-1 HFC R-347mmy Perfluoroisopropyl methyl ether C₄H₃F₇O 22052-84-2 HFC R-365mfc 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluorobutane C₄H₅F₅ 406-58-6 PFC R-4-1-12 Dodecafluoropentane C₅F₁₂ 678-26-2 (Perfluoropentane) PFC R-5-1-14 Tetradecafluorohexane C₆F₁₄ 355-42-0 (Perfluorohexane) CFC R-400 R-12/114(50/50 wt %) OR 50% CCl₂F₂•50% C₂F₄Cl₂ OR (60/40)(must be specified) 60% CCl₂F₂•40% C₂F₄Cl₂ HCFC R-401A R-22/152a/124 53 ± 2% CHClF₂•13 + MP-39^([6][19]) (53 ± 2/13 + .5, −1.5/34 ± 1) .5, −1.5% C₂H₄F₂•34 ± 1% C₂HF₄Cl HCFC R-401B R-22/152a/124 61 ± 2% CHClF₂•11 + MP-66^([6][19]) (61 ± 2/11 + .5, −1.5/28 ± 1) .5, −1.5% C₂H₄F₂•28 ± 1% C₂HF₄Cl HCFC R-401C R-22/152a/124 33 ± 2% CHClF₂•15 + MP-52^([19]) (33 ± 2/15 + .5, −1.5/52 ± 1) .5, −1.5% C₂H₄F₂•52 ± 1% C₂HF₄Cl HCFC R-402A R-125/290/22 60 ± 2% C₂HF₅•2 ± HP-80^([6][19]) (60 ± 2/2 ± 1/38 ± 2) 1% C₃H₈•38 ± 2% CHClF₂ HCFC R-402B R-125/290/22 38 ± 2% C₂HF₅•2 ± HP-81^([6][19]) (38 ± 2/2 ± 1/60 ± 2) 1% C₃H₈•60 ± 2% CHClF₂ HCFC R-403A R-290/22/218 5 + .2, −2% C₃H₈•75 ± ISCEON 69-S^([6]) (5 + .2, −2/75 ± 2/20 ± 0) 2% CHClF₂•20 ± 0% C₃F₈ HCFC R-403B R-290/22/218 5 + .2, −2% C₃H₈•56 ± ISCEON 69-L^([6]) (5 + .2, −2/56 ± 2/39 ± 0) 2% CHClF₂•39 ± 0% C₃F₈ HFC R-404A R-125/143a/134a 44 ± 2% C₂HF₅•52 ± HP-62,^([6][19]) FX- (44 ± 2/52 ± 1/4 ± 2) 1% C₂H₃F₃•4 ± 2% C₂H₂F₄ 70^([6][19]) HCFC R-405A R-22/152a/142b/C318 45 ± 0% CHClF₂•7 ± 1% C₂H₄F₂•5.5 ± GREENCOOL (45 ± 0/7 ± 1/5.5 ± 1/42.5 ± 2) 1% C₂H₃F₂Cl•42.5 ± 2% C₄F₈ G2015^([6]) HCFC R-406A R-22/600a/142b 55 ± 2% CHClF₂•4 ± GHG^([6][19]) (55 ± 2/4 ± 1/41 ± 0) 1% C₄H₁₀•41 ± 0% C₂H₃F₂Cl HCFC R-406B R-22/600a/142b 65 ± 2% CHClF₂•4 ± GHG-HP^([6]) (65 ± 2/4 ± 1/31 ± 0) 1% C₄H₁₀•31 ± 0% C₂H₃F₂Cl HFC R-407A R-32/125/134a 20 ± 2% CH₂F₂•40 ± Klea 60^([6][19]) (20 ± 2/40 ± 2/40 ± 2) 2% C₂HF₅•40 ± 2% C₂H₂F₄ HFC R-407B R-32/125/134a 10 ± 2% CH₂F₂•70 ± Klea 61^([6]) (10 ± 2/70 ± 2/20 ± 2) 2% C₂HF₅•20 ± 2% C₂H₂F₄ HFC R-407C R-32/125/134a 23 ± 2% CH₂F₂•25 ± Klea 66,^([6]) (23 ± 2/25 ± 2/52 ± 2) 2% C₂HF₅•52 ± 2% C₂H₂F₄ AC9000^([19]) HFC R-407D R-32/125/134a 15 ± 2% CH₂F₂•15 ± (15 ± 2/15 ± 2/70 ± 2) 2% C₂HF₅•70 ± 2% C₂H₂F₄ HFC R-407E R-32/125/134a 25 ± 2% CH₂F₂•15 ± (25 ± 2/15 ± 2/60 ± 2) 2% C₂HF₅•60 ± 2% C₂H₂F₄ HFC R-407F R-32/125/134a 30 ± 2% CH₂F₂•30 ± Genetron (30 ± 2/30 ± 2/40 ± 2) 2% C₂HF₅•40 ± 2% C₂H₂F₄ Performax LT^([9]) HCFC R-408A R-125/143a/22 7 ± 2% C₂HF₅•46 ± FX-10^([6][19]) (7 ± 2/46 ± 1/47 ± 2) 1% C₂H₃F₃•47 ± 2% CHClF₂ HCFC R-409A R-22/124/142b 60 ± 2% CHClF₂•25 ± FX-56^([6][19]) (60 ± 2/25 ± 2/15 ± 1) 2% C₂HF₄Cl•15 ± 1% C₂H₃F₂Cl HCFC R-409B R-22/124/142b 65 ± 2% CHClF₂•25 ± FX-57^([6]) (65 ± 2/25 ± 2/10 ± 1) 2% C₂HF₄Cl•10 ± 1% C₂H₃F₂Cl HFC R-410A R-32/125 50 + .5, −1.5% CH₂F₂•50 + AZ-20,^([6]) Puron,^([6]) (50 + .5, −1.5/50 + 1.5, −.5) 1.5, −.5% C₂HF₅ Suva 9100^([6]) HFC R-410B R-32/125 45 ± 1% CH₂F₂•55 ± 1% C₂HF₅ AC9100^([19]) (45 ± 1/55 ± 1) HCFO R-411A R-1270/22/152a 1.5 + 0, −1% C₃H₆•87.5 + GREENCOOL (1.5 + 0, −1/87.5 + 2, −0/11 + 0, −1) 2, −0% CHClF₂•11 + 0, −1% C₂H₄F₂ G2018a^([6]) HCFO R-411B R-1270/22/152a 3 + 0, −1% C₃H₆•94 + GREENCOOL (3 + 0, −1/94 + 2, −0/3 + 0, −1) 2, −0% CHClF₂•3 + 0, −1% C₂H₄F₂ G2018b^([6]) HCFO R-411C R-1270/22/152a 3 + 0, −1% C₃H₆•95.5 + GREENCOOL (3 + 0, −1/95.5 + 2, −0/1.5 + 0, −1) 2, −0% CHClF₂•1.5 + 0, −1% C₂H₄F₂ G2018c^([6]) HCFC R-412A R-22/218/142b 70 ± 2% CHClF₂•5 ± Arcton TP5R^([6]) (70 ± 2/5 ± 2/25 ± 1) 2% C₃F₈•25 ± 1% C₂H₃F₂Cl HFC R-413A R-218/134a/600a 9 ± 1% C₃F₈•88 ± ISCEON 49^([6]) (9 ± 1/88 ± 2/3 + 0, −1) 2% C₂H₂F₄•3 + 0, −1% C₄H₁₀ HCFC R-414A R-22/124/600a/142b 51 ± 2% CHClF₂•28.5 ± GHG-X4,^([6]) (51 ± 2/28.5 ± 2/4 ± .5/16.5 + .5, −1) 2% C₂HF₄Cl•4 ± .5% C₄H₁₀•16.5 + Autofrost,^([6]) Chill- .5, −1% C₂H₃F₂Cl It^([6]) HCFC R-414B R-22/124/600a/142b 50 ± 2% CHClF₂•39 ± Hot Shot,^([6][19]) Kar (50 ± 2/39 ± 2/1.5 ± .5/9.5 + .5, −1) 2% C₂HF₄Cl•1.5 ± .5% C₄H₁₀•9.5 + Kool^([6]) .5, −1% C₂H₃F₂Cl HCFC R-415A R-22/152a (82 ± 1/18 ± 1) 82 ± 1% CHClF₂•18 ± 1% C₂H₄F₂ HCFC R-415B R-22/152a (25 ± 1/75 ± 1) 25 ± 1% CHClF₂•75 ± 1% C₂H₄F₂ HCFC R-416A R-134a/124/600 59 + .5, −1% C₂H₂F₄•39.5 + FRIGC (FR-12)^([6]) (59 + .5, −1/39.5 + 1, −.5/1.5 + 1 , −.2) 1, −.5% C₂HF₄Cl•1.5 + .1, −.2% C₄H₁₀ HFC R-417A R-125/134a/600 46.6 ± 1.1% C₂HF₅•50 ± ISCEON 59,^([6]) (46.6 ± 1.1/50 ± 1/3.4 + .1, −.4) 1% C₂H₂F₄•3.4 + .1, −.4% C₄H₁₀ NU-22^([6]) HFC R-417B R-125/134a/600 79 ± 1% C₂HF₅•18.3 ± (79 ± 1/18.3 ± 1/2.7 + .1, −.5) 1% C₂H₂F₄•2.7 + 1, −.5% C₄H₁₀ HCFC R-418A R-290/22/152a 1.5 ± .5% C₃H₈•96 ± (1.5 ± .5/96 ± 1/2.5 ± .5) 1% CHClF₂•2.5 ± .5% C₂H₄F₂ HFC R-419A R-125/134a/E170 77 ± 1% C₂HF₅•19 ± (77 ± 1/19 ± 1/4 ± 1) 1% C₂H₂F₄•4 ± 1% C₂H₆O HCFC R-420A R-134a/142b 88 + 1, −0% C₂H₂F₄•12 + Choice (88 + 1, −0/12 + 0, −1) 0, −1% C₂H₃F₂Cl Refrigerant^([19]) HFC R-421A R-125/134a (58 ± 1/42 ± 1) 58 ± 1% C₂HF₅•42 ± 1% C₂H₂F₄ Choice R421 A^([19]) HFC R-421B R-125/134a (85 ± 1/15 ± 1) 85 ± 1% C₂HF₅•15 ± 1% C₂H₂F₄ Choice 421B^([19]) HFC R-422A R-125/134a/600a 85.1 ± 1% C₂HF₅•11.5 ± ISCEON 79^([19]) (85.1 ± 1/11.5 ± 1/3.4 + .1, −.4) 1% C₂H₂F₄•3.4 + .1, −.4% C₄H₁₀ HFC R-422B R-125/134a/600a 55 ± 1% C₂HF₅•42 ± ICOR XAC1^([19]) (55 ± 1 /42 ± 1/3 + .1, −.5) 1% C₂H₂F₄•3 + .1, −.5% C₄H₁₀ HFC R-422C R-125/134a/600a 82 ± 1% C₂HF₅•15 ± ICOR XLT1^([19]) (82 ± 1/15 ± 1/3 + .1, −.5) 1% C₂H₂F₄•3 + .1, −.5% C₄H₁₀ HFC R-422D R-125/134a/600a 65.1 + .9, −1.1% C₂HF₅•31.5 ± ISCEON MO29^([19]) (65.1 + .9, −1.1/31.5 ± 1/3.4 + .1, −.4) 1% C₂H₂F₄•3.4 + .1, −.4% C₄H₁₀ HFC R-423A R-134a/227ea (52.5 ± 1/47.5 ± 1) 52.5 ± 1% C₂H₂F₄•47.5 ± 1% C₃HF₇ HFC R-424A R-125/134a/600a/600/601a 50.5 ± 1% C₂HF₅•47 ± RS-44 (new (50.5 ± 1/47 ± 1/.9 + .1, −.2/ 1% C₂H₂F₄•1.9 + .3, −.1% C₄H₁₀•.6 + comp.)^([19]) 1 + .1, + .2/.6 + .1, −.2) .1, −.2% C₅H₁₂ HFC R-425A R-32/134a/227ea 18.5 ± .5% CH₂F₂•69.5 ± (18.5 ± .5/69.5 ± .5/12 ± .5) .5% C₂H₂F₄•12 ± .5% C₃HF₇ HFC R-426A R-125/134a/600/601a 5.1 ± 1% C₂HF₅•93 ± RS-24 (new (5.1 ± 1/93 ± 1/1.3 + .1, −.2/.6 + .1, −.2) 1% C₂H₂F₄•1.3 + .1, −.2% C₄H₁₀•.6 + comp.)^([19]) .1, −.2% C₅H₁₂ HFC R-427A R-32/125/143a/134a 15 ± 2% CH₂F₂•25 ± Forane 427A^([19]) (15 ± 2/25 ± 2/10 ± 2/50 ± 2) 2% C₂HF₅•10 ± 2% C₂H₃F₃•50 ± 2% C₂H₂F₄ HFC R-428A R-125/143a/290/600a 77.5 ± 1% C₂HF₅•20 ± RS-52^([19]) (77.5 ± 1/20 ± 1/.6 + .1, −.2/1.9 + .1, −.2) 1% C₂H₃F₃•.6 + .1, −.2% C₃H₈•1.9 + .1, −.2% C₄H₁₀ HFC R-429A R-E170/152a/600a 60 ± 1% C₂H₆O•10 ± (60 ± 1/10 ± 1/30 ± 1) 1% C₂H₄F₂•30 ± 1% C₄H₁₀ HFC R-430A R-152a/600a (76 ± 1/24 ± 1) 76 ± 1% C₂H₄F₂•24 ± 1% C₄H₁₀ HFC R-431A R-290/152a (71 ± 1/29 ± 1) 71 ± 1% C₃H₈•29 ± 1% C₂H₄F₂ HO R-432A R-1270/E170 (80 ± 1/20 ± 1) 80 ± 1% C₃H₆•20 ± 1% C₂H₆O HO R-433A R-1270/290 (30 ± 1/70 ± 1) 30 ± 1% C₃H₆•70 ± 1% C₃H₈ HO R-433B R-1270/290 (5 ± 1/95 ± 1) 5 ± 1% C₃H₆•95 ± 1% C₃H₈ HO R-433C R-1270/290 (25 ± 1/75 ± 1) 25 ± 1% C₃H₆•75 ± 1% C₃H₈ HFC R-434A R-125/143a/134a/600a 63.2 ± 1% C₂HF₅•18 ± RS-45^([19]) (63.2 ± 1/18 ± 1/16 ± 1/2.8 + .1, −.2) 1% C₂H₃F₃•16 ± 1% C₂H₂F₄•2.8 + .1, −.2% C₄H₁₀ HFC R-435A R-E170/152a (80 ± 1/20 ± 1) 80 ± 1% C₂H₆O•20 ± 1% C₂H₄F₂ HC R-436A R-290/600a (56 ± 1/44 ± 1) 56 ± 1% C₃H₈•44 ± 1% C₄H₁₀ HC R-436B R-290/600a (52 ± 1/48 ± 1) 52 ± 1% C₃H₈•48 ± 1% C₄H₁₀ HFC R-437A R-125/134a/600/601 19.5 + .5, −1.8% C₂HF₅•78.5 + (19.5 + .5, −1.8/78.5 + 1.5, −.7/ 1.5, −.7% C₂H₂F₄•1.4 + 1.4 + .1, −.2/.6 + .1, −.2) .1, −.2% C₄H₁₀•.6 + .1, −.2% C₅H₁₂ HFC R-438A R-32/125/134a/600/601a 8.5 + .5, −1.5% CH₂F₂•45 ± KDD5,^([19]) (8.5 + .5, −1.5/45 ± 1.5/44.2 ± 1.5% C₂HF₅•44.2 ± 1.5% C₂H₂F₄•1.7 + ISCEON MO99^([19]) 1.5/1.7 + .1, −.2/.6 + .1, −.2) .1, −.2% C₄H₁₀•.6 + .1, −.2% C₅H₁₂ HFC R-439A R-32/125/600a 50 ± 1% CH₂F₂•47 ± (50 ± 1/47 ± 1/3 ± .5) 1% C₂HF₅•3 ± .5% C₄H₁₀ HFC R-440A R-290/134a/152a .6 ± .1% C₃H₈•1.6 ± (.6 ± .1/1.6 ± .6/97.8 ± .5) .6% C₂H₂F₄•97.8 ± .5% C₂H₄F₂ HC R-441A R-170/290/600a/600 3.1 ± .3% C₂H₆•54.8 ± HCR-188C^([19]) (3.1 ± .3/54.8 ± 2/6 ± .6/36.1 ± 2) 2% C₃H₈•42.1 ± 2.6% C₄H₁₀ HCFC R-500 R-12/152a (73.8/26.2) 73.8% CCl₂F₂•26.2% C₂H₄F₂ Carrene #7^([6]) HCFC R-501 R-22/12 (75/25) 75% CHClF₂•25% CCl₂F₂ HCFC R-502 R-22/115 (48.8/51.2) 48.8% CHClF₂•51.2% C₂F₅Cl HCFC R-503 R-23/13 (40.1/59.9) 40.1% CHF₃•59.9% CClF₃ HCFC R-504 R-32/115 (48.2/51.8) 48.2% CH₂F₂•51.8% C₂F₅Cl HCFC R-505 R-12/31 (78/22) 78% CCl₂F₂•22% CH₂FCl HCFC R-506 R-31/114 (55.1/44.9) 55.1% CH₂FCl•44.9% C₂F₄Cl₂ HFC R-507[A] R-125/143a (50/50) 50% C₂HF₅•50% C₂H₃F₃ AZ-50^([6][19]) HFC R-508[A] R-23/116 (39/61) 39% CHF₃•61% C₂F₆ Klea 5R3^([6][19]) HFC R-508B R-23/116 (46/54) 46% CHF₃•54% C₂F₆ Suva 95^([6][19]) HCFC R-509[A] R-22/218 (44/56) 44% CHClF₂•56% C₃F₈ Arcton TP5R2^([6]) HC R-510[A] R-E170/600a (88 ± .5/12 ± .5) 88 ± .5% C₂H₆O•12 ± .5% C₄H₁₀ HC R-511[A] R-290/E170 (95 ± 1/5 ± 1) 95 ± 1% C₃H₈•5 ± 1% C₂H₆O HC R-600 Butane C₄H₁₀ or CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃ 106-97-8 HC R-600a Isobutane C₄H₁₀ or CH(CH₃)₂CH₃ 75-28-5 HC R-601 Pentane C₅H₁₂ or CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ 109-66-0 HC R-601a Isopentane C₅H₁₂ or (CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH₃ 78-78-4 HC R-610 Ethoxyethane (Diethyl ether) CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ 60-29-7 HC R-611 Methyl formate HCOOCH₃ 107-31-3 R-630 Methylamine CH₃NH₂ 74-89-5 R-631 Ethylamine CH₃CH₂(NH₂) 75-04-7 R-702 Hydrogen H₂ 1333-74-0 R-704 Helium He 7440-59-7 R-717 Ammonia NH₃ 7664-41-7 R-718 Water/Steam H₂O 7732-18-5 R-720 Neon Ne 7440-01-9 R-728 Nitrogen N₂ 7727-37-9 R-729 Air N₂/O₂/Ar 78.082% N₂•20.945% O₂•.934% Ar (78.082/20.945/.934 vol %) R-732 Oxygen O₂ 7782-44-7 R-740 Argon Ar 7440-37-1 R-744 Carbon dioxide CO₂ 124-38-9 R-744A Nitrous oxide N₂O 10024-97-2 R-764 Sulfur dioxide SO₂ 7446-09-5 R-784 Krypton Kr 7439-90-9 CFO R-1112a 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethylene C₂Cl₂F₂ 79-35-6 CFO R-1113 Chlorotrifluoroethylene C₂ClF₃ 79-38-9 PFO R-1114 Tetrafluoroethylene C₂F₄ 116-14-3 HCO R-1120 Trichloroethylene (trielene) C₂HCl₃ 79-01-6 HCO R-1130 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene C₂H₂Cl₂ 156-59-2 HFO R-1132a 1,1-Difluoroethylene C₂H₂F₂ 75-38-7 HCO R-1140 Chloroethylene (vinyl chloride) C₂H₃Cl 75-01-4 HFO R-1141 Fluoroethylene (vinyl fluoride) C₂H₃F 75-02-5 HO R-1150 Ethene (Ethylene) CH₂═CH₂ 74-85-1 PFO R-1216 Hexafluoropropylene C₃F₆ 116-15-4 PFO R-1218 Hexafluoropropene trimer (C₃F₆)₃ 6792-31-0 HCFO R-1233zd 1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene C₃H₂ClF₃ 2730-43-0 HFO R-1234yf 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene C₃H₂F₄ 754-12-1 HFO R-1234ze 1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene C₃H₂F₄ 1645-83-6 HO R-1270 Propene (Propylene) C₃H₆ or CH₃CH═CH₂ 115-07-1 [1] Composition of Refrigerant Blends, www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/refrigerants/refblend.html [2] Andy's HVAC/R Web Page, users.isp.com/aschoen/refchart.pdf Type Meaning Atoms in the Molecule CFC Chlorofluorocarbon Cl, F, C CFO Chlorofluoroolefin HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon H, Cl, F, C HCFO Hydrochlorofluoroolefin HFC Hydrofluorocarbon H, F, C HFO Hydrofluoroolefin HCC Hydrochlorocarbon H, Cl, C HCO Hydrochloroolefin HC Hydrocarbon H, C HO Hydroolefin (Alkene) PFC Perfluorocarbon F, C PFO Perfluoroolefin PCC Perchlorocarbon Cl, C PCO Perchloroolefin H Halon/Haloalkane Br, Cl (in some but not all), F, H (in some but not all), C 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of retrofitting a refrigeration system from an HCFC refrigerant and a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant to a refrigerant consisting essentially of an HFC, comprising: removing the HCFC refrigerant while retaining the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant in the refrigeration system; and charging the refrigeration system with a mixture consisting essentially of the HFC and a polyol ester lubricant in an amount of between 5% and 20% by weight of the HFC, substantially independent of an amount of mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant remaining in the refrigeration system.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HFC and the polyol ester lubricant in an amount of between 5% and 20% by weight of the HFC are premixed at a site remote from the refrigeration system, prior to removal of the HCFC, further comprising transporting the premixed HFC and the polyol ester lubricant in an amount of between 5% and 20% by weight of the HFC in a DOT compliant transport container.
 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the premixed HFC and the polyol ester lubricant in an amount of between 5% and 20% by weight of the HFC in a DOT compliant transport container comprises 8% by weight polyol ester lubricant in HFC, in a DOT-39 transport container.
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said removing and charging are performed substantially without measuring an amount or concentration of the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant.
 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HFC consists essentially of R-407C.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HFC comprises R-125.
 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HFC comprises R-134a.
 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HFC comprises R-32.
 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HFC comprises R-143a.
 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the HCFC comprises R-22 and the HFC consists essentially of R-407C.
 11. A method for retrofitting a hermetically sealed refrigeration system from an HCFC refrigerant with a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant, to an HFC refrigerant with a polyol ester lubricant-mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant mixture, comprising: evacuating the HCFC refrigerant from the hermetically sealed refrigeration system substatually without removing the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant; transporting a premixture of the HFC refrigerant and a polyol ester lubricant in a container suitable for vehicular transportation according to DOT regulation; and charging the hermetically sealed refrigeration system having the unremoved mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant with the premixture of the HFC refrigerant and a polyol ester lubricant.
 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the HCFC comprises R-22, and the HFC consists essentially of R-407C.
 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the polyol ester is provided in an amount of 5% to 20% by weight of the HFC in the container.
 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the polyol ester is provided in an amount of 8% by weight of the HFC in the container, and the HFC in the container consists essentially of R-407C.
 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the hermetically sealed refrigeration system after charging with the premixture of the HFC refrigerant and a polyol ester lubricant has a concentration of mixed lubricant of 15-32% by weight of the HFC.
 16. The method according to claim 11, wherein the container is DOT-39 compliant.
 17. A DOT compliant refrigerant transport container for retrofitting a refrigeration system from an HCFC refrigerant compatible with a mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant to an HFC refrigerant compatible with a polyol ester lubricant, comprising: the DOT compliant refrigerant transport container; a refrigerant consisting essentially of at least two of R-32, R-125, R-134a, and R143a; and a polyol ester lubricant in an amount of 5-15% by weight of the refrigerant.
 18. The DOT compliant refrigerant transport container according to claim 17, comprising a DOT-39 compliant container, 7.5-8.5% by weight polyol ester lubricant by weight of the HFC.
 19. The DOT compliant refrigerant transport container according to claim 17, wherein the refrigerant consists essentially of R-407C.
 20. The DOT compliant refrigerant transport container according to claim 17, wherein the DOT compliant refrigerant transport container is a DOT-39 compliant container having a capacity of 30 pounds, filled with about 2.4 pounds of polyol ester lubricant and about 27.6 pounds of the HFC refrigerant. 